Pathological Gambling
Gambling is the act of risking something of value, such as money, on an event with a uncertain outcome. The outcome is determined by a combination of chance and skill. The activity is usually regulated by law. Examples of gambling include lotteries, casinos, sports betting and online games. People often gamble for fun or as a way to relieve boredom or stress. For some, gambling can become an addiction.
Pathological gambling (PG) is characterized by persistent and recurrent maladaptive patterns of gambling behaviors. It affects between 0.4-1.6% of Americans and can begin in adolescence or young adulthood. PG tends to run in families, and men seem to develop the disorder more quickly than women. Symptoms may begin in a single episode or in a gradual progression over time.
The behavior of a person with PG may be influenced by many factors, including family history, social circumstances, trauma, and environment. It is also known to occur in conjunction with other psychiatric disorders, such as depressive, anxiety, bipolar and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders. The symptoms can range from mild to severe. Several psychophysiological signs are associated with PG, including altered affect, increased heart rate and sweating. PG is a complex disorder and requires professional help to manage it.
Taking up healthy hobbies, spending time with non-gambling friends, exercising and using relaxation techniques can all help to alleviate unpleasant feelings without the need for gambling. Alternatively, consider talking with a family member or attending a support group like Gamblers Anonymous to gain a better understanding of your problem.
A key ingredient of gambling is impulsivity. It is thought that this involves a desire for sensation and novelty, as well as a lack of the ability to control impulses. The ability to control impulses is also affected by depression, stress and a person’s ability to plan. Those with a high level of impulse control are less likely to experience problems with gambling.
Generally, the more risk one takes, the higher the chance of losing money. This is especially true of casino games and sports betting, where the odds are often stacked against players.
To avoid gambling, set a budget before playing and only use money that you can afford to lose. Also, don’t be tempted to try to “chase” your losses – this will only lead to more financial difficulties in the long run. It is a good idea to avoid alcohol and drugs before gambling as they can interfere with judgment and increase the likelihood of making poor decisions. Also, if you are concerned about someone you know, it’s worth seeking professional help. Family therapy, marriage and relationship counselling and credit counseling can all help to repair the damage caused by problem gambling. It is important to note that the vast majority of people with a gambling disorder don’t seek treatment. This is partly because of the stigma and difficulty admitting a problem. However, there are resources available for those who are struggling.